What is one way in which nationalism is differentiated from racism?

Nationalism is differentiated from racism primarily through its application and context. Nationalism is often defined by a shared sense of identity that is based on a common national heritage, language, or culture. It can manifest in various ways, with expressions ranging from inclusive forms that celebrate diversity within a nation to more exclusive forms that seek to prioritize one group over others. The key aspect here is that nationalism can serve different purposes depending on the values and goals of the group or individuals advocating it. For example, some nationalist movements fight for self-determination and the rights of a marginalized group, while others may promote a more exclusionary agenda.

In contrast, racism is fundamentally rooted in the belief that one race is superior to another and often leads to discriminatory practices against those deemed inferior. Racism does not depend on cultural contexts or the application of identity in the same way that nationalism does. Therefore, the idea that nationalism varies in its application points to its potential for positive as well as negative effects, whereas racism is typically seen as a harmful ideology that perpetuates division and inequality.